Kory Korean
Basic 13

Learn Korean Everyday

Learn Korean Everyday

Experience Real Korean

A/V-아/어야 되다/하다

Both 되다 and 하다 can be used interchangeably with no difference in meaning. However, there are usage preferences:

  • 되다: More commonly used in spoken/colloquial language
  • 하다: More frequently seen in written/formal language

These are the basic rules when conjugating verbs and adjectives to A/V-아/어야 되다/하다:

  1. Remove '다' from the end of the word.

  2. Add 아/어/해야 되다 or 아/어/해야 하다.

Use –아야 when the word stem has a last syllable that ends in 'ㅏ' or 'ㅗ'.

When the word stem ends with a final consonant (받침), add –아야.

좋다 (to be good)

  1. 좋다 -> 좋
  2. 좋 + 아야 돼요/해요
  3. 좋아야 돼요/해요

많다 (a lot, many)

  1. 많다 -> 많
  2. 많 + 아야 돼요/해요
  3. 많아야 돼요/해요
  • 건강에 좋아야 돼요 (It has to be good for health.)
  • 사람들이 많아야 돼요 (There have to be many people.)

When the word stem ends with 'ㅏ' (vowel), drop 아 in '아야'.

가다 (to go)

  1. 가다 -> 가
  2. 가 + 아야 돼요/해요 (drop 아 in '아야')
  3. 가야 돼요/해요

사다 (to buy)

  1. 사다 -> 사
  2. 사 + 아야 돼요/해요 (drop 아 in '아야')
  3. 사야 돼요/해요

자다 (to sleep)

  1. 자다 -> 자
  2. 자 + 아야 돼요/해요 (drop 아 in '아야')
  3. 자야 돼요/해요

타다 (to take transportation)

  1. 타다 -> 타
  2. 타 + 아야 돼요/해요 (drop 아 in '아야')
  3. 타야 돼요/해요
  • 학교에 가야 돼요 (I have to go to school.)
  • 책을 사야 돼요 (I have to buy a book.)
  • 일찍 자야 돼요 (I have to sleep early.)
  • 버스를 타야 돼요 (I have to take the bus.)

When the word stem ends with 'ㅗ'; combine 'ㅗ' with 'ㅏ', so that it becomes 'ㅘ'.

보다 (to see)

  1. 보다 -> 보
  2. 보 + 아야 돼요/해요 (combine 'ㅗ' with 'ㅏ' to make 'ㅘ')
  3. 보아야 돼요/해요 -> 봐야 돼요/해요

오다 (to come)

  1. 오다 -> 오
  2. 오 + 아야 돼요/해요 (combine 'ㅗ' with 'ㅏ' to make 'ㅘ')
  3. 오아야 돼요/해요 -> 와야 돼요/해요
  • 영화를 봐야 돼요 (I have to watch a movie.)
  • 학교에 와야 돼요 (You have to come to school.)

Use –어야 when the stem's vowel is neither 'ㅏ' nor 'ㅗ'.

When the word stem ends with a final consonant (받침), add '어야'.

먹다 (to eat)

  1. 먹다 -> 먹
  2. 먹 + 어야 돼요/해요 (add '어야' since the stem's vowel is neither 'ㅏ' nor 'ㅗ')
  3. 먹어야 돼요/해요

읽다 (to read)

  1. 읽다 -> 읽
  2. 읽 + 어야 돼요/해요 (add '어야' since the stem's vowel is neither 'ㅏ' nor 'ㅗ')
  3. 읽어야 돼요/해요

씻다 (to wash)

  1. 씻다 -> 씻
  2. 씻 + 어야 돼요/해요 (add '어야' since the stem's vowel is neither 'ㅏ' nor 'ㅗ')
  3. 씻어야 돼요/해요

입다 (to wear)

  1. 입다 -> 입
  2. 입 + 어야 돼요/해요 (add '어야' since the stem's vowel is neither 'ㅏ' nor 'ㅗ')
  3. 입어야 돼요/해요
  • 점심을 먹어야 돼요 (I have to eat lunch.)
  • 책을 읽어야 돼요 (I have to read a book.)
  • 손을 씻어야 돼요 (I have to wash my hands.)
  • 따뜻한 옷을 입어야 돼요 (I have to wear warm clothes.)

When the word stem ends with the vowel 'ㅓ', drop '어' in '어야'.

서다 (to stand)

  1. 서다 -> 서
  2. 서 + 어야 돼요/해요 (drop '어' in '어야' since the word stem ends with 'ㅓ')
  3. 서야 돼요/해요
  • 줄을 서야 돼요 (You have to stand in line.)

When the word stem ends with vowel 'ㅣ', combine 'ㅣ' with '어', so it becomes '여'.

마시다 (to drink)

  1. 마시다 -> 마시
  2. 마시 + 어야 돼요/해요 (combine 'ㅣ' with '어', so it becomes '여')
  3. 마셔야 돼요/해요

가지다 (to have)

  1. 가지다 -> 가지
  2. 가지 + 어야 돼요/해요 (combine 'ㅣ' with '어', so it becomes '여')
  3. 가져야 돼요/해요
  • 물을 마셔야 돼요 (I have to drink water.)
  • 여권을 가져야 돼요 (You have to bring your passport.)

When the word stem ends with vowel 'ㅜ', combine 'ㅜ' + '어', so it becomes 'ㅝ'.

주다 (to give)

  1. 주다 -> 주
  2. 주 + 어야 돼요/해요 (combine 'ㅜ' with '어', so it becomes 'ㅝ')
  3. 주어야 돼요/해요 -> 줘야 돼요/해요
  • 숙제를 줘야 돼요 (I have to give the homework.)

When you change '하다', it becomes '해야', which is contracted from '하여야'.

공부하다 (to study)

  1. 공부하다 -> 공부하
  2. 공부하 + 여야 돼요/해요 (change '하다' to '해야')
  3. 공부해야 돼요/해요

청소하다 (to clean)

  1. 청소하다 -> 청소하
  2. 청소하 + 여야 돼요/해요 (change '하다' to '해야')
  3. 청소해야 돼요/해요

요리하다 (to cook)

  1. 요리하다 -> 요리하
  2. 요리하 + 여야 돼요/해요 (change '하다' to '해야')
  3. 요리해야 돼요/해요

운동하다 (to exercise)

  1. 운동하다 -> 운동하
  2. 운동하 + 여야 돼요/해요 (change '하다' to '해야')
  3. 운동해야 돼요/해요
  • 오늘 저녁에 공부해야 돼요 (I have to study tonight.)
  • 집을 청소해야 돼요 (I have to clean the house.)
  • 저녁을 요리해야 돼요 (I have to cook dinner.)
  • 아침에 운동해야 돼요 (I have to exercise in the morning.)

Tense Variations

Present Tense:

  • Polite: 가야 돼요 / 가야 해요 (I have to go)
  • Formal: 가야 됩니다 / 가야 합니다 (I have to go)

Past Tense:

  • Polite: 가야 됐어요 / 가야 했어요 (I had to go)
  • Formal: 가야 됐습니다 / 가야 했습니다 (I had to go)

Future Tense:

  • Polite: 가야 될 거예요 / 가야 할 거예요 (I will have to go)
  • Formal: 가야 될 것입니다 / 가야 할 것입니다 (I will have to go)

Strengthening the Obligation

To express stronger obligation, almost like "must" in English, you can add adverbs like 반드시 (definitely) or 꼭 (surely) before the construction:

  • 반드시 와야 해요! (You definitely have to come! / You must come!)
  • 내일은 월요일이에요. 그래서 반드시 일찍 자야 돼요. (Tomorrow is Monday, so I definitely have to sleep early!)
  • 마스크를 꼭 착용해야 돼요. (You must wear a mask!)

Another way to express "MUST" is by adding 만 after 아/어야:

  • 가야만 해요 (I MUST go)
  • 공부해야만 돼요 (I MUST study)

Important Notes

When negating this construction, you CANNOT say 아/어야 안 되다/하다. Instead:

  • For "don't have to": Use 안 아/어도 되다 or 지 않아도 되다
  • For "should not/must not": Use -(으)면 안 되다

Some verbs follow irregular conjugation patterns:

  • 듣다 (to listen) → 들어야 돼요 (irregular ㄷ → ㄹ change)
  • 돕다 (to help) → 도와야 돼요 (irregular ㅂ → ㅗ change)

Get Free Korean 1,000 Vocabulary List

;